LM7805
Linear & Switching Voltage Regulators Manufacturer:
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onzuu Part #:
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LM7805
776-LM7805
Compare LM7805CT, LM7805SX, and LM7805MP in detail. Explore features, specs, datasheets, and use cases. Choose the best 5V linear regulator for your needs.
LM7805 Description
LM7805 Voltage Regulator Overview
The LM7805 is a classic linear voltage regulator providing a fixed 5V output with up to 1.5A current. It’s ideal for use in embedded systems, DIY electronics, and industrial power supply circuits.
LM7805 Series Comparison Table
| Parameter | LM7805CT | LM7805SX | LM7805MP |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mfr Part # | LM7805CT | LM7805SX | LM7805MP |
| Description | IC REG LINEAR 5V 1.5A TO220-3 | IC REG LINEAR 5V 1.5A TO220-3 | IC REG LINEAR 5V 1.5A TO220-3 |
| Manufacturer | onsemi | onsemi | onsemi |
| Quantity Available | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Stock Status | In Stock | In Stock | In Stock |
| Product Status | Obsolete | Obsolete | Obsolete |
| Series | - | - | - |
| Package | Tube | Tube | Tube |
| Output Configuration | Positive | Positive | Positive |
| Output Type | Fixed | Fixed | Fixed |
| Number of Regulators | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Voltage - Input (Max) | 35V | 35V | 35V |
| Voltage - Output (Min/Fixed) | 5V | 5V | 5V |
| Voltage - Output (Max) | - | - | - |
| Voltage Dropout (Max) | 2V @ 1A (Typ) | 2V @ 1A (Typ) | 2V @ 1A (Typ) |
| Current - Output | 1.5A | 1.5A | 1.5A |
| Current - Quiescent (Iq) | 8 mA | 8 mA | 8 mA |
| PSRR | 73dB (120Hz) | 73dB (120Hz) | 73dB (120Hz) |
| Control Features | - | - | - |
| Protection Features | Over Temperature, Short Circuit | Over Temperature, Short Circuit | Over Temperature, Short Circuit |
| Operating Temperature | -40°C ~ 125°C | 0°C ~ 125°C | 0°C ~ 125°C |
| Mounting Type | Through Hole | Through Hole | Through Hole |
| Package / Case | TO-220-3 | TO-220-3 | TO-220-3 |
| Supplier Device Package | TO-220-3 | TO-220-3 | TO-220-3 |
| Datasheets | Download PDF | Download PDF | Download PDF |
Features
- Fixed 5V output with 1.5A max current
- Internal thermal and short circuit protection
- Minimal external components required
- Standard TO-220 form factor
Specifications
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Input Voltage (Max) | 35V |
| Output Voltage | 5V (Fixed) |
| Output Current | 1.5A |
| Dropout Voltage | 2V @ 1A |
| Quiescent Current | 8mA |
| PSRR | 73dB @ 120Hz |
| Operating Temperature | -40°C to +125°C |
Application Scenarios
- Arduino and microcontroller power regulation
- 5V logic power supply in DIY kits
- Battery-powered circuit regulators
- Consumer electronics and hobby projects
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about LM7805
What is LM7805 and how does it work?
The LM7805 is a linear voltage regulator from the 78xx series that outputs a constant 5V from a higher input voltage (typically 7V to 35V). Internally, it uses an error amplifier and pass transistor to maintain the output voltage, providing regulation for load variations and input fluctuations. It is widely used for powering TTL logic circuits, sensors, and embedded systems requiring stable 5V power.
Can LM7805 regulate voltage for high current loads?
LM7805 can supply up to 1.5A of current under proper heat dissipation. However, as a linear regulator, it converts excess voltage into heat. For high current loads (>1A), a heatsink is strongly recommended to prevent thermal shutdown or voltage drop. For more efficient high-current applications, consider switching regulators (buck converters).
What are the key differences between LM7805CT, LM7805SX, and LM7805MP?
All three variants provide fixed 5V output, but differ slightly in manufacturer, operating temperature range, and regulatory status. For example:
- LM7805CT: Standard version, commercial-grade, common in educational and general-purpose designs.
- LM7805SX: Offers tighter tolerance and potentially wider temperature specs.
- LM7805MP: May offer slightly improved thermal performance or be designed for specific OEM requirements.
Why is my LM7805 overheating?
Overheating typically occurs when:
- The input voltage is significantly higher than 5V (e.g., 12V input results in 7V drop at 1A = 7W heat).
- Insufficient heat sinking or poor ventilation.
- Load current exceeds rated 1.5A.
- Incorrect wiring or reverse polarity.
Can LM7805 be used in automotive or industrial environments?
LM7805 is often used in automotive circuits with proper input filtering. However, due to temperature extremes and electrical noise in such environments, designers may prefer automotive-grade LDO regulators with AEC-Q100 qualification. If LM7805 is used, add input protection (e.g., TVS diode, capacitor filters) to handle voltage spikes and ensure reliability.
How do I connect LM7805 in a circuit?
The LM7805 has three pins:
- Input (Pin 1): Connect to a DC voltage source (7V to 35V).
- Ground (Pin 2): Connect to system ground.
- Output (Pin 3): Provides 5V regulated output.
- Input: 0.33µF ceramic capacitor.
- Output: 0.1µF ceramic or 1µF electrolytic for stability.
Are there drop-in replacements for LM7805?
Yes, several LDO and switching regulators offer drop-in replacement functionality with improved efficiency or lower dropout voltage. Popular alternatives include:
- AMS1117-5.0 (low-dropout version)
- MIC2950-5.0 (LDO with better efficiency)
- Recom R-78E5.0 (switching regulator, pin-compatible)
Conclusion
The LM7805 remains a reliable solution for regulated 5V output in electronics design, especially in low-noise and low-cost applications. Although many versions are becoming obsolete, it's still widely used and available through reputable suppliers.
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